Which type of evolution results when two or more species develop similar traits in response to similar environmental pressures?

Convergent evolution is the process that occurs when two or more unrelated species independently evolve similar traits, typically as a response to similar environmental pressures or challenges. This phenomenon is significant because it demonstrates how different organisms can adapt to comparable circumstances, leading to analogous adaptations, despite their differing evolutionary backgrounds.

An example of convergent evolution can be seen in the development of wings in bats and birds. Both species have evolved the capability of flight, but their common ancestors were not winged, and the structures of their wings are anatomically different. These similarities arise because both groups adapted to similar selective pressures, such as the need to escape predators, search for food, or traverse their environments more efficiently.

In contrast, divergent evolution occurs when two or more related species become more dissimilar over time, especially as they adapt to different environmental conditions. Adaptive radiation involves the rapid diversification of a single ancestor species into a wide variety of forms to exploit different ecological niches. Punctuated equilibrium refers to a pattern of evolution where a species experiences long periods of stability interrupted by brief periods of rapid change. Each of these alternatives does not specifically pertain to the scenario of distinct species developing similar traits, which is why convergent evolution is the most appropriate answer.