What type of structures are formed as a result of convergent evolution?

Convergent evolution results in the formation of analogous structures, which arise when different species adapt to similar environments or ecological niches and develop similar traits or adaptations independently, despite having different evolutionary lineages.

These structures serve similar functions but do not share a common ancestry. A classic example of this would be the wings of bats and birds; both perform the same function of flight, but they have evolved independently from different ancestral backgrounds.

In contrast, homologous structures arise from a common ancestor and may serve different functions, while vestigial structures are remnants of features that had a function in the organism's ancestors. Adaptive structures refer to features that enhance survival and reproduction but do not specifically connect to the concept of convergent evolution. Thus, the formation of analogous structures accurately reflects the process described in the question.