What is speciation?

Speciation is defined as the process through which new species arise from existing ones. This occurs when populations of a species become isolated from each other and can no longer interbreed, leading to genetic divergence over time. Various mechanisms can contribute to speciation, including geographic isolation, ecological differences, and reproductive barriers.

When a population is separated—either geographically or through other means—different selective pressures can lead to adaptations that are unique to each group. As these adaptations accumulate, the two populations may evolve into distinct species that have their own unique characteristics. This is fundamental to the process of evolution and the diversity of life on Earth.

Understanding speciation is crucial for studying biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and conservation, as it highlights how species can adapt to their environments and the roles they play in ecosystems.