What is meant by the "edge effect" in fragmented habitats?

The term "edge effect" refers to the changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary between two or more habitats, particularly in fragmented environments. When natural landscapes are divided into smaller patches—such as forests being separated by roads or urban areas—the edges of these patches experience different environmental conditions than the interior of the habitat.

This transition zone can lead to negative changes in population structures, as species that thrive in core habitats may find the edge areas less suitable due to increased exposure to predators, competition, and altered moisture and temperature conditions. Consequently, species diversity might be negatively impacted, and populations may struggle as the edge habitats do not provide the same resources as the interior areas.

Understanding this concept helps in conservation efforts, as it highlights the importance of maintaining larger and more contiguous habitats to support biodiversity and ecological health.