How does gene flow affect populations?

Gene flow refers to the transfer of genetic material (alleles) between separate populations through processes such as migration, where individuals move from one population to another and reproduce. This movement is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity within a population, as it introduces new alleles that can lead to variations in traits.

When gene flow occurs, it allows for the exchange of genetic information, which can enhance the adaptability of populations to changing environmental conditions. By incorporating alleles from different populations, gene flow can counteract the effects of genetic drift, particularly in small populations that may be more at risk of losing genetic diversity over time.

This mechanism not only helps to prevent the divergence of populations by reducing the differences between them but also promotes the sharing of beneficial adaptations. In summary, gene flow results in the movement of alleles between populations, contributing positively to the genetic health and resilience of those populations.